Engine Torque:
The turning force of a device or part is called torque. In other words, the effort to turn or rotate a shaft is called torque. After the combustion of the air and fuel mixture in the engine’s combustion chamber, it produces enormous heat and pressure energy, which in turn exerts a shock on the piston and the crankshaft. This applied thrust is called engine torque. When the rider pushes on the bicycle frame, this pressure exerts a torque at an angular distance from the top, turning the freewheel and other components, resulting in the rotational motion of the bicycle wheel. The figure shows the process of applying torque to the crankshaft by the piston and connecting rod.

According to sources:

1. Torque T=B.H.P×4500/ 2πN (kg-meter)

Where:

1. • B.H.P = brake horsepower
   • N = revolutions per minute

1. Torque, T=W×r (kg-meter)

Where:

• W= product brake or brake load, in kg
• r = radius of the brake drum, in meters

Reason of cylinder temperature increase: In diesel power plants, we often observe an increase in engine speed with an increase in frequency. This happens only if the engine is synchronized with the grid. Since speed is related to frequency, an increase in frequency results in an increase in engine speed. An increase in speed means an increase in the engine cycle. However, the problem is that due to this increase in frequency, speed, or RPM, the cylinder temperature of the engine also rises. If the cylinder temperature exceeds the set value, the engine shuts down.

Basically, the richer the mixture in the combustion chamber of the engine, the greater the thrust on the piston. The greater the pressure on the piston, the greater the torque. Torque is related to engine horsepower and motion. Volumetric efficiency is high when the engine is running at medium speed, as the engine gets enough time to fully charge. Conversely, when the engine runs at higher speeds, its volumetric efficiency decreases because the cylinders do not get enough time to fill with charge. As a result, less torque is generated in the engine at that time, leading to an increase in cylinder temperature.